GDP can be measured by aggregating economy-wide expenditures, economy-wide incomes, or total value-added in the economy. Since these do not always produce the same figure, Statistical Agencies often publish residual series that describe statistical discrepancies between different measures of GDP. In South Africa, the GDP residual is the difference between GDP estimates derived from the expenditure and production approaches published by Statistics South Africa. The GDP residual has averaged 0% of GDP since 2016. However, since 1993 it has averaged 0.6% of GDP. In the United States, by comparison, the residual has averaged 0.3% of GDP since 2016 and 0.1% since 1993.
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